Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a vertebra is displaced forward of the one below it in the spine. This problem can cause both back pain and leg symptoms.
There are different causes of spondylolisthesis. The congenital form (being born with abnormalities which contribute to the displacement) is a rare cause. Other causes include trauma (sudden falls, accidents, etc.), degenerative changes in the spine (like arthritis), or destruction by tumors.
Spondylolisthesis is characterized by the percentage of displacement of one vertebra over another. Displacement of over 50% is considered high grade.
The treatment of spondylolisthesis is usually non-surgical. Physical therapy to strengthen the back and abdominal muscles is the primary mode of treatment. Medication such as NSAIDS (aspirin, Aleve, etc.), steroids or narcotics can help with the pain and inflammation. Epidural injections can also be effective, especially with leg symptoms. Surgical treatment becomes necessary when conservative management fails. Surgery is especially effective for patients with leg symptoms.
